The Gupta Dynasty

 

The Gupta Dynasty

(4th century CE to 6th century CE)

-the Dynasty that gifted Aryabhata and Kalidas

 

Introduction:

The Guptas ruled the Magadha state in north-eastern region of India. The Magadha region is presently located in Bihar, India. They maintained their dominance over the northern and certain parts of central and western India. This dynasty is regarded as India’s one of the most culturally rich provinces. The rule extended from early 4th century CE to late 6th century CE.

The Gupta dynasty originated as a wealthy family from either Magadha or Prayaga .The family rose to claiming the local dominance over the Magadha province. Over the years, the succeeding rulers expanded the dynasty both culturally and territory-wise.


Image reference- https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/The_Gupta_Empire.gif

 

The rise and fall of the Guptas-

The empire name “The Guptas” is simply derived from the family surname. The local dominance over Magadha was transformed to a dynasty by the third Gupta king, Chandra Gupta I, in around 320 AD. He is regarded as the first ruler of the Gupta Empire. Chandra Gupta I united the Guptas with the Licchavis by marriage. He expanded the rule over the surrounding regions either by militaristic expansion or by means of marriage alliances. 

A gold coin depicting Queen Kumaradevi and King Chandragupta I.

Image reference-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandragupta_I#/media/File:Queen_Kumaradevi_and_King_Chandragupta_I_on_a_coin.jpg


The celebrated Samudra Gupta, son of Chandra Gupta I, was appointed as the next ruler by 330 AD. He recognized the city of Pataliputra as the capital of the dynasty. By 380 AD, the empire had expanded up to Myanmar in the east, territories north to the Himalayas including Nepal and the entire western Indus Valley region. During this period, Guptas allowed the defeated rulers to continue to rule their respective territories as tributary states.




Coin of the Gupta king Samudragupta.

Image reference-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudragupta#/media/File:SamudraguptaCoin.jpg


The third ruler of the empire, Chandra Gupta II, was renowned for extending the rule up to Ujjain. He was also known “Vikramaditya” (Son of valor).His reign was recognized for major cultural and intellectual developments than military achievements.


Coin of the Gupta king Chandragupta II

Image reference-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandragupta_II#/media/File:ChandraguptaIIOnHorse.jpg


The successors after this period witnessed the gradual demise of the dynasty including Kumara Gupta, Skanda Gupta, and others. The major downfall of the empire occurred after the invasions of Hunas. They were known to Byzantine sources, a branch of Hephthalites.

By the end of the 6th century the dynasty almost came to an end, shrinking to a small local territory.

 

Significance and contribution of the Gupta dynasty-

A peculiarity of the Gupta dynasty was that it practiced decentralized system of authority. Certain officers or family members were appointed to govern the small units of provinces called as pradeshas or vishayas.

The Gupta period was recognized as the classical age of India. But this has been challenged by the extensive studies and research between the Mauryan and Gupta periods. Certain historians regarded Gupta period as the origin for the decimal system of notation, the great Sanskrit scripts, as well as contributions in the fields of astronomy, mathematics, metallurgy, art, culture, etc.

Fa Xian, a Chinese Buddhist, visited the Gupta India during the rule of Chandra Gupta II. He described the dynasty as a prosperous rule with beautiful cities, fine hospitals and universities.

Under the Guptas, Hinduism saw a rise of interest.                                                               

It is believed that, during the reign of Chandra Gupta II, art, culture, architecture and sculptural developments reached the peak and declined to the climax with it. Chandra Gupta II patronized learning among the scholars in his court, which included the astronomer Varahamihira and the Sanskrit poet and dramatist Kalidasa.

Dashavatara Temple is a Vishnu Hindu temple built during the Gupta period.

Image reference-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_Empire#/media/File:Deogarh01.jpg


Eventually quoting the lines of Sita Ram Goel from one of his books,

“The Gupta Age was in fact the golden age of Hindu history when Hindu spirituality, art, literature, science, and philosophy attained an acme which has not since been surpassed. Every nation has glorified one period or the other of its past history.... A period of greatness in which a people can take pride, provides a point of self-identification to that people. The soul of a nation is nourished by legitimate pride in a period when its creativity attained a pinnacle".

-By Samruddhi Kamthe (SY Computer)

References:

https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/facts-on-gupta-empire-the-dynasty-that-gave-us-kalidas-and-aryabhata-1594951-2019-09-03

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_Empire

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gupta-dynasty

https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/exhibit/guptas/guptas.html#:~:text=Chandra%20Gupta%20appointed%20his%20son,the%20empire%20continued%20to%20grow.

Image References:

I, PHGCOM, CC BY-SA 3.0 <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/>, via Wikimedia Commons

RNRCTG, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

byron aihara, CC BY-SA 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Uploadalt, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

I, PHGCOM, CC BY-SA 3.0 <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/>, via Wikimedia Commons

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